GROUP+8+HORE

GROUP 8- Anthony V, Arya R, Clarence E, Frederik J, Wina R //“TO WHAT EXTENT DOES HUMAN BODY REACT TO AMINO PILLS WHILE RUNNING?”// Fitness is a very popular thing today. We try to achieve the best possible performance for our body. At times, we may reach a limit where we cannot go further. This is where drugs come into play: pills that can boost our physical capabilities. Chemistry has allowed us to ingest extra amino acid. The amino acid that we receive through diet may not be sufficient. Amino acid’s main function is to build protein blocks and improve metabolic activities like muscle activities and reparation of tissues. Those activities can be measured by our sweat pH level, heart rate, and body temperature. Ultimately, everything is to help us find the best way to achieve physical fitness. - Stopwatch - Writting Instruments - pH Paper - Data Logger - Theremometer - Runner Voluntteer - Mass Balancer - Meter Tape
 * Aim:** To find how the human body reacts to additional amino acids while running over time.
 * Procedure:**
 * 1) Measured the mass of two runners ensuring that they’re the same (68 kg)
 * 2) Prepared materials such as thermometer, litmus paper, stopwatch, meter tape, pen, and paper
 * 3) Measured the area in which the running will take place (65.2 meter)
 * 4) Measured the initial heartbeat of Runners
 * 5) Runner 2 ingested amino pills and waited for 30 minutes
 * 6) After amino pills absorption took place, Runner 1 and Runner 2 ran side by side for 2 minutes
 * 7) Recorded the Runners’s body temperture, pH of sweat, and heartbeat per minute
 * 8) Repeated step 6 but increased the time taken to run to 4 minutes and 6 minutes
 * Materials:**

This experiment will consist of 3 runners, 1 with amino acids and 2 without amino acids, to minimize the error of the data
 * __ CHEMISTRY __**
 * Hypothesis:** We believe that when amino acids were consumed while running, our body will have lower ph than the one who doesn’t consume amino acids since because the amino acids contain a low level of pH, therefore when it is consumed to our body, automatically our ph body become lower than the one who run without amino acids.
 * Variables:**
 * Independent Variable**: Time taken to run
 * Dependent Variable**: The pH of sweat
 * Controlled Variable**: Same runner (3 runner), same amount of distance/lap (65,2m), same day, same amount of rest per trials (15minutes).
 * Raw Data:**
 * Experiment 1 (2minutes of running)**
 * Number of Trials || pH of runner A with amino acid ±0.5 |||| pH level of runners without amino acid ||
 * ^  ||^   || Runner B ±0.5 || Runner C ±0.5 ||
 * 1 || 7 || 7 || 6 ||
 * 2 || 5 || 6 || 5 ||
 * 3 || 5 || 5 || 5 ||
 * 4 || 5 || 5 || 5 ||
 * 5 || 5 || 5 || 5 ||


 * Experiment 2 (4 minutes of running)**
 * Number of Trials || pH of runner A with amino acid ±0.5 |||| pH of runner without amino acid ||
 * ^  ||^   || Runner B ±0.5 || Runner C ±0.5 ||
 * 1 || 5 || 5 || 5 ||
 * 2 || 4 || 5 || 5 ||
 * 3 || 4 || 5 || 5 ||
 * 4 || 4 || 5 || 5 ||
 * 5 || 4 || 5 || 5 ||
 * Experiment 3 (6 minutes of running)**
 * Number of Trials || pH of runner A with amino acid ±0.5 |||| pH of runner without amino acid ||
 * ^  ||^   || Runner B ±0.5 || Runner C ±0.5 ||
 * 1 || 4 || 5 || 5 ||
 * 2 || 4 || 5 || 5 ||
 * 3 || 4 || 5 || 5 ||
 * 4 || 4 || 5 || 5 ||
 * 5 || 4 || 5 || 5 ||

Runner 1 consumes Amino Acid Runner 2 and Runner 3 do not consume Amino Acid Runner 3 is especially used for chemistry’s pH analysis
 * Processed Data:**
 * Number of Trials ||||||||||  Experiment 1 (2 minutes)  ||||||  Experiment 2 (4 minutes)  ||||||  Experiment 3 (6 minutes)  ||
 * ^  ||||||||||  pH Level ±0.5  ||||||  pH level ±0.5  ||||||  pH level ±0.5  ||
 * ^  ||||  Runner 1  ||||  Runner 2  ||  Runner 3  ||  Runner 1  ||  Runner 2  ||  Runner 3  ||  Runner 1  ||  Runner 2  ||  Runner 3  ||
 * 1 || 7 |||| 7 |||| 7 || 5 || 5 || 5 || 4 || 5 || 5 ||
 * 2 || 5 |||| 6 |||| 5 || 4 || 5 || 5 || 4 || 5 || 5 ||
 * 3 || 5 |||| 5 |||| 5 || 4 || 5 || 5 || 4 || 5 || 5 ||
 * 4 || 5 |||| 5 |||| 5 || 4 || 5 || 5 || 4 || 5 || 5 ||
 * 5 || 5 |||| 5 |||| 5 || 4 || 5 || 5 || 4 || 5 || 5 ||


 * Number of Experiments |||||| Average pH level of all runner  ||
 * ^  || Runner 1 || Runner 2 || Runner 3 ||
 * Experiments 1 || 5 || 6 || 5 ||
 * Experiments 2 || 4 || 5 || 5 ||
 * Experiments 3 || 4 || 5 || 5 ||

Analysis: From the data above, this shows that the Ph level of all runners decreases over time, which means the trend is decreasing. This is because when we exercise, our muscle body produce a lactic acid and an increase in a carbon dioxide level, therefore this will decrease our body’s ph level. Also in comparison of the people who consume amino acid while running and people who don’t consume amino acid, we can see that initially, their Ph level is the same, but gradually there is a difference of 1 level of Ph ( 1x 10^-1 Hydrogen). This is due to amino acid’s low ph property. Thus, this proves my group’s hypothesis that the people who consumes amino acid will have a lower ph over time than the people who don’t consumes amino acid. From this graph, we can see that the average pH level of all runners decreased from experiment 1 to experiment 3. Also, we are able to conclude that the people who take amino acids while running will not directly have a low pH level. In Experiment 1, Runner A, who consumes amino acid, have an average pH of 5. While Runner B and Runner C, who don’t consume amino acids, have a pH of 5 and 6 respectively. This means that Runner A and Runner C has already worked out their body to a point that their carbon dioxide’s level increased and their muscle has produced lactic acid. In the Experiment 2, results are starting to show that Runner A, who consumes amino acid, have lower pH of 4 than Runner B and Runner C, who don’t consume amino acid with only a pH of 5. The same results goes with experiment 3, Runner A has lower pH level than runner B and runner C. Therefore, we can conclude that using amino acid while running will have a lower pH level over time than the one who don’t use amino acid while running.

__ BIOLOGY __
 * Hypothesis:** If the runner ingests amino acid pills, he will have a better and more controlled heart rate, because extra amino acid will further enhance the quality of muscle activities, which includes cardio muscles.

Dependent: Heart Beat Controlled: - Room temperature (21 ° C). It is controlled using Air Conditioner remote and we did not change rooms in order to ensure that the temperature is the same. - Mass of the runners (68kg). The mass of two runners are measured before ingested and egestion using the same mass scale. - Gravitational Force (9.8 m/s2). Controlled by staying on Earth and did not move to other planets.
 * Variables:**
 * I**ndependent: Time of running (2min, 4min, 6min)


 * Raw Data:**

Table Of Heart Beat Reaction

|| |||||||||| Runner 1, no Amino Pills (Beat/Minute)
 * Runner 2, used Amino Pills (Beat/Minute) ||
 * || Trial 1 || Trial 2 || Trial 3 || Trial 4 || Trial 5 || Trial 1 || Trial 2 || Trial 3 || Trial 4 || Trial 5 ||
 * 2min || 172 || 200 || 180 || 200 || 172 || 148 || 152 || 148 || 148 || 156 ||
 * 4min || 180 || 172 || 144 || 145 || 144 || 176 || 164 || 168 || 167 || 165 ||
 * 6min || 148 || 152 || 156 || 160 || 166 || 152 || 148 || 148 || 155 || 160 ||

Table above shows the heart beat of the two runners: one ingested amino pills and the other did not. The data measure right after each person done their running. The unit for the data is Beat/Minute.

Processed Data:

Table Of Average Data and Standard Deviation Of Heart Beat Reaction
 * |||| Runner 1, non- Amino Pills (Beat/Minute)  ||||  Runner 2, using Amino Pills (Beat/Minute)  ||
 * || Average  ||  SD  ||  Average  ||  SD  ||
 * 2min ||  184.8  ||  14.2  ||  150.4  ||  3.57  ||
 * 4min ||  157  ||  17.5  ||  168  ||  4.74  ||
 * 6min ||  156.4  ||  69.8  ||  152.6  ||  5.07  ||

Data above shows the average and the standard deviation of the heart beat reaction from each trials, we can see that the average for Runner 1 (non- Amino Pills) are 184.8 for 2min, 157 for 4min and last 156.4 for 6min. It is different with Runner 2 (using Amino Pills) that the data is rather lower, 150.4 for 2min, 168 for 4min, and 152.6 for 6min. The entire data unit is Beat/Minute. __Analysis:__ From the data, it is shown that the runner that ingests amino pills has lower heart rate per minute in two minutes and it increases gradually as the time increases. Amino acid’s main function is to build protein blocks. Some of these proteins will be converted into plasma membranes in the blood. Amino acid also helps improving muscle activity. Runner 1 has higher heart beat/minute when running for 2 minutes as compared to Runner 2. Runner 1’s average was 184.8 beat/minute whereas Runner 2 is 150.4 beat/minute. However, Runner 1’s heart beat decreases (157 beat/minute) while Runner 2 (168 beat/minute) increases when the running time is changed into 4 minutes. Furthermore, as the time is changed to 6 minutes, Runner 1 decreases further to 156.4 beat/minute and Runner 2 also decreases to 152.6 beat/minute. The data shows that Runner 2 has a more controlled and stable heart rate when ingesting amino acid. Runner 2’s myocyte activity in the heart is enhanced after ingesting amino pills. Less energy is required to carry oxygen all over the body, thus the heartbeat is lower. Nevertheless, as the time is increased, more blood needs to be transported. So, naturally, the increase in Runner 2’s heart rate from 2 minutes to 4 minutes is only showing how the physical activity increases. Control of heartbeat is a constant process. It is initiated from a muscle in the heart called the sino-atrial (SA) node. The SA node initiates electric impulse that will cause atria in the heart to contract. After that, the impulse is carried on to the Atrio-Ventricular Node (AV), where it will be transferred into the apex of the heart. Finally, the ventricles contract and the process repeats itself. This process occurs better and more controlled in Runner 2 as the Amino Pills improves the muscles in his heart (sino-atrial node). The graph shows us the averaged heart rate of the two Runners. As you can see, Runner 1 is a downwards slope whereas Runner 2 is upwards and downwards. Runner 1’s heart rate performance is decreasing over time due to the lack of support from extra amino pills that help muscular activity. Runner 2’s performance increases before finally reaching its peak at 4 minutes.

Hypothesis: The runner that uses the drugs will have a smaller temperature difference between initial temperature and temperature after running since they could stand more heat in their body and maintain a better stamina comparing to the one that doesn’t. Variables: Independent – the time taken to run (2 minutes, 4 minutes, 6 minutes) Depedent – the final body temperature Controlled – the mass of the runners, room temperature Raw Data: 2 Minutes 1st RUNNER - Anthony
 * __PHYSICS __**
 * Trial no. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Initial Temp. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Final Temp. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">1 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">36.0 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">34.4 ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">2 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">36.0 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">34.2 ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">3 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">36.0 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">34.1 ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">4 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">36.0 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">34.3 ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">5 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">36.0 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">34.0 ||

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">2nd RUNNER – Frederik
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Trial no. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Initial Temp. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Final Temp. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">1 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">36.0 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">35.6 ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">2 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">36.0 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">35.9 ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">3 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">36.0 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">35.4 ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">4 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">36.0 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">34.8 ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">5 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">36.0 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">34.9 ||

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">4 Minutes <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">1st RUNNER – Anthony
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Trial no. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Initial Temp. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Final Temp. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">1 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">34.0 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">34.0 ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">2 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">34.0 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">33.6 ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">3 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">34.0 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">34.0 ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">4 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">34.0 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">33.5 ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">5 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">34.0 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">33.9 ||

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">2nd RUNNER – Frederik
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Trial no. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Initial Temp. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Final Temp. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">1 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">34.7 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">34.6 ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">2 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">34.7 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">34.7 ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">3 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">34.7 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">34.7 ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">4 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">34.7 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">34.3 ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">5 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">34.7 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">34.0 ||

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">6 Minutes <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">1st RUNNER – Anthony
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Trial no. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Initial Temp. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Final Temp. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">1 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">34.3 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">33.5 ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">2 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">34.3 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">33.3 ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">3 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">34.3 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">33.3 ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">4 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">34.3 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">33.3 ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">5 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">34.3 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">33.4 ||

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">2ndRUNNER – Frederik
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Trial no. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Initial Temp. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Final Temp. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">1 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">34.6 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">33.9 ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">2 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">34.6 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">34.0 ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">3 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">34.6 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">33.7 ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">4 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">34.6 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">33.8 ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">5 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">34.6 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">33.8 ||

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Processed Data: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">2 Minutes
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Sprinter || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Average Initial Temp. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Average Final Temp. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Anthony || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">36.0 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">34.2 ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Frederik || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">36.0 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">35.3 ||

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">4 Minutes
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Sprinter || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Average Initial Temp ± || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Average Final Temp. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Anthony || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">34.0 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">33.8 ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Frederik || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">34.7 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">34.5 ||

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">6 Minutes
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Sprinter || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Average Initial Temp. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Average Final Temp. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Anthony || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">34.3 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">33.4 ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Frederik || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">34.6 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">33.8 ||

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Analysis: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">As we can see from the data above, the average initial and final temperature of Frederik is either the same or higher than Anthony. As we run, our muscles warm up and causes a rise in temperature. We also lose energy when we run, and we need energy by inhaling oxygen to make more energy. However, in this case, since we ran in an air conditioned room, the temperature of the room would be lower so instead of having a higher final temperature than the initial, we had a lower one. Also, we sweat a lot less than comparing to running in a hotter temperature because our body temperature had a smaller increase in body temperature. As a result, our temperature difference does not have a big amount because we don’t sweat a lot. As for Frederik, since he consumed amino acid, his stamina is stronger and he sweat a little less than Anthony and also causes to have a higher initial and final temperature comparing to Anthony, who doesn’t consume one. Furthermore, the temperature drops in a process called vasodilation. The body temperature is hot but is needed to be decreased as physical activity increases.



<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">As we can see from the graph <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">, series 1, Anthony, have a lower body temperature than series 2, Frederik. Also we can see that our body temperature decreases when time of running increases. This is because when consuming amino acid, Frederik will become less tired so that he sweat less than Anthony, who doesn’t consume Amino Acid. Therefore by a vasolidation process, when sweating more, our body temperature will cools down more. Moreover, the cooling down process is also affected by the air conditioner temperature inside the school. Therefore Anthony who sweat alot, have low temperature than Frederik, who sweat a little. In this experiment, we found out that the systematic error is due to the apparatus that we used in making our experiment. Apparatus such as pH paper, will have a ± 1 uncertainties, measuring tape will have a ±0.5 cm uncertainties. Thermometer, which has ±0.1° uncertainties. After 5 repetitions, we found out that out that in Physics, the absolute uncertainties came from the measuring tape, which is ±0.5 cm, while in Biology, it is also came from the uncertainties of the measuring tape ±0.5 cm. In Chemistry, we found out that the absolute uncertainties came from the pH paper, which is ± 1. The random error in this experiments mostly came from the human error itself. Error such as the Heart beat of human body, Body temperature, are all came from human error. As for the heart beat of human body, when we drink and eat before running, the result will have a very high heart beat. Also in body temperature, when we run in an air conditioner temperature, our body temperature will tend to have a lower temperature than the initial temperature. although we have tried to control the endurance of our body by having a controlled rest per trial of 15 minutes, we don’t know the capability of each individuals. Moreover, factor such as a lack of sleep, depressed, affect the results of our data. Hence I believe some data have a result different as predicted due to the human error. In conclusion, We can conclude that by using amino acid pills, we can have a stronger stamina and endurance in doing exercises. Based on the experiment we have done.In Physics, a smaller temperature difference in the runner means that it will have a stronger stamina since a small difference in temperature means that the people doesn’t sweat a lot, therefore it means that the runner is not tired at all. This is proven by the runner who consumes amino acid while running. Hence, by using amino acid, we will have a stronger stamina and endurance in exercising .In Biology, A runner with lower heart beat means that they have stronger stamina and endurance in exercise, this is because lower heart beat means that they are not tired when doing exercise. Their muscle activity in the heart is also supported by the extra amino acids. This is shown by the runner who consumes amino acid while running. Hence by using amino acid, we will have a stronger stamina and endurance in exercise. In Chemistry, it is shown that when the pH is lesser, we will have a stronger stamina and endurance since when we exercise, the lactic acid that is produced to our muscle will be more since there is more protein, hence it will make our pH body decreased.
 * ] ||
 * Systematical Error**
 * Random Error**
 * Conclusion**

The experiment has several areas of improvement. Namely, we do not have the apparatus to exactly measure the ingested amino acid concentration and the time taken for its effect to occur. Without it, we are only guessing that after 30 minutes the amino pills will have effect on the body. Therefore, the difference in result may be due to that the amino acid hasn’t taken effect. Secondly, there is also problem with maintaining temperature. Exposure to sunlight through the window as well as inconstant room temperature also affects final result for temperature. PH of sweat can also be further controlled by measuring substances ingested by runners aside from amino acid. In our trial, the runners drank mineral water during the break, and it affects the final result of the pH. Thirdly, the speed of runners can be controlled better by using data logger/sensor. In our experiment, the runners only run hand-in-hand to control speed. But using data logger, the result will be more conclusive as it is presented in a nummerical data. To improve future experiment, the aforementioned apparatus should be used. Furthermore, an incubated environment that can affect temperature should be used. For further studies, an experiment on the use of other drugs such as fish oil to determine their effects on human physical performance.
 * __EVALUATION__**

__**PICTURES**__ **MEASURING TEMPERARURE**
 * [[image:binusgroup4/photo_(2).JPG width="365" height="601"]]RUNNER 2 INGESTING AMINO PILLS**
 * [[image:photo_(3).JPG width="321" height="762"]]MEASURE SWEAT pH USING LITMUS PAPER**