Group+5+Investigation


 * Group 5: Chai, Aga, Chiara, Ivan, Ann, Angel **
 * Research Question **
 * What happens to the body after exercising when carrying different load? **


 * [Chemistry] **

Students carry many books to school everyday. In the case of Binus, many students in IB DP bring their heavy textbooks to school and prefer to bring them home instead of using the locker. Our group wants to find out how much the students are burdened when they carry different mass of load in their bags, and examine the effect to the human body when exercising with these mass on load.
 * Introduction **

To find the difference in pH of the sweat exerted by the human body when exercised with different mass of load
 * Aim: **

We think that the pH level of the sweat will decrease, i.e. become more acidic, when our body generates more amount of sweat after running with heavier mass of load.
 * Hypothesis: **

Independent: mass of the load (body weight, +4kg, +8kg) Dependent: pH level of sweat Controlled: the distance of running (19m x 10=190), body weight of runner (53.00kg, 62.70kg), apparel and shoes of runner, initial state of body ☞  note that the initial state of body is controlled with resting time of 25 minutes after every trial of running, however the exact condition as in the rate of heart beat, and body temperature is not controlled
 * Variables **


 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 19px;">Apparatus **

<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Meter roll <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Stop watch <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Scale <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Thermometer <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Bag pack <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Books <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Ph indicator strips <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Runners <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Running shoes <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[diagram of appartus attached in the video of presentation]


 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 19px;">Method **
 * 1) <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Find a place to run, and measure the distance of a straight path
 * 2) <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Weigh the runner’s body mass with the shoes on
 * 3) <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Measure the initial heartbeat rate by feeling the pulse of the runner’s body for 15 seconds, record the data
 * 4) <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Measure the initial pH of sweat or the skin of the body by using the pH indicator and determine the level of pH with the universal indicator
 * 5) <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Measure the body temperature of the runner with the thermometer. Place the thermometer under the arms, or behind the knees
 * 6) <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Prepare the runner in the start line for running
 * 7) <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Measure the time taken for the runner to run the distance
 * 8) <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Repeat the process of measuring the heartbeat rate, pH level of sweat, and the body temperature after the runner finishes running. Record the data
 * 9) <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Give the runner 25 minutes of resting time to control the state of the body and wash the arms or any part of body where pH was taken from with water to control the pH level.
 * 10) <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Repeat the process of collecting the initial condition of body, time taken for the runner to run, and the after condition of body for 2 more trials.
 * 11) <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Follow the process above for different mass of load (with addition of 4kg and 8kg)


 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 19px;">Raw data **

<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Runner: Aga <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Body weight: 53.00


 * 1) **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Time **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> taken to run 190m (in)
 * || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Body weight || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Body weight+4kg || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Body weight+8kg ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Trial1 || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">58.37 || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">61.00 || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">65.00 ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Trial 2 || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">58.44 || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">62.00 || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">66.00 ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Trial 3 || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">58.70 || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">61.00 || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">65.00 ||

|| || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Before (initial)
 * 1) **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Level of pH **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> at different mass of load
 * 2) **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">No load **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">After running ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Trial 1 || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">6 || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">5.5 ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Trial 2 || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">6 || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">5.5 ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Trial 3 || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">6 || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">5.5 ||

|| || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Before (initial)
 * 1) **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">4kg of load **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">After running ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Trial 1 || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">6 || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">5 ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Trial 2 || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">6 || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">5.5 ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Trial 3 || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">6 || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">5.5 ||

|| || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Before (initial)
 * 1) **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">8kg **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">After running ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Trial 1 || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">6 || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">5.5 ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Trial 2 || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">6 || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">5.5 ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Trial 3 || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">6 || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">5.5 ||

<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Runner: Chai <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Body weight: 62.70


 * 1) **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Time **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> taken to run 190m (in)
 * || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Body weight || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Body weight+4kg || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Body weight+8kg ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Trial1 || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">65.00 || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">73.00 || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">84.00 ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Trial 2 || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">66.00 || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">74.00 || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">84.00 ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Trial 3 || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">66.00 || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">74.00 || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">85.00 ||

|| || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Before (initial)
 * 1) **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Level of pH **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> at different mass of load
 * 2) **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">No load **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">After running ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Trial 1 || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">5.5 || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">5 ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Trial 2 || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">5.5 || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">5 ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Trial 3 || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">5.5 || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">5 ||


 * 1) **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">4kg of load **
 * || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Before (initial) || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">After running ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Trial 1 || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">5.5 || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">5 ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Trial 2 || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">5.5 || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">5 ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Trial 3 || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">5.5 || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">5 ||

|| || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Before (initial)
 * 1) **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">8kg of load **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">After running ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Trial 1 || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">5.5 || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">5 ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Trial 2 || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">5.5 || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">5 ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Trial 3 || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">5.5 || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">5 ||


 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 19px;">Processed Data **

<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Runner: Aga <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Body weight: 53.00


 * 1) **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Average time **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> taken to run 190m (in)
 * || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Body weight || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Body weight+4kg || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Body weight+8kg ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Time || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">58.50 || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">61.30 || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">65.30 ||


 * 1) **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Average level of pH **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> at different mass of load

|| <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Mass of load
 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Before (initial) || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">After running ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">No load || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">6 || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">5.5 ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">4kg of load || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">6 || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">5.3 ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">8kg of load || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">6 || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">5.5 ||

<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Runner: Chai <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Body weight: 62.70


 * 1) **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Time **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> taken to run 190m (in)
 * || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Body weight || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Body weight+4kg || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Body weight+8kg ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Time || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">65.67 || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">73.67 || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">84.30 ||


 * 1) **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Average level of pH **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> at different mass of load

|| <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Mass of load
 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Before (initial) || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">After running ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">No load || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">5.5 || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">5 ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">4kg of load || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">5.5 || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">5 ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">8kg of load || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">5.5 || <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">5 ||


 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 19px;">Graph **

[insert graph here]


 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 15px;">Note that the uncertainty of time is indicated whilst it is hard to recognize for its small value

[insert graph here]
 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 15px;">Again note that the uncertainty of time is indicated whilst it is hard to recognize for its small value

<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">It is clear from the graph above that Aga took more time to run a distance of 190m as the mass of the load of the bag pack increased, from which we could deduce that the amount of sweat generated also increased. However, the level of pH of the skin did not see any significant change in relation to the amount of sweat generated at different mass of load. <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">A similar result can be seen from Chai’s graphs, which also shows that her time to run a distance of 190m increased as the mass of load increased, yet the change in the level of pH was constant at different mass of load. <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">From the two runner’s result, it can be seen that the there is no distinct relationship between the amount of sweat and the level of pH of skin, which would in otherwords mean that the level of Ph of sweat would be determined through other variables, such as in the runner’s intake of food, or the environment in which the runner is running where the skin is exposed to diffrent content of the atmosphere’s air molecules.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 19px;">Analysis **

<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">All in all, we can see a relationship between the mass of load in which the runner is carrying to the time taken for him or her to run a certain distance. This shows us that the greater the load, the slower the speed of the runner was. From this we can deduce that a greater amount of energy was required for the runner to run the same distance with greater load, which we relate it to the amount of sweat that is released from the runner. However, we cannot see a relationship between the amount of sweat released, and the level of pH of the skin from the above data we have collected. It would mean that the level of pH of skin is affected by other causes, such as in the runner’s consumption of nutrition, the environment where the experiment is held with different components of air molecules and the whole state and health of the runner’s body itself.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 19px;">Conclusion **

<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">From the whole process of holding the experiment, there were many flaws and chances of error in the method. <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Firt of all, the runner’s path of running was not exactly straight, which would then affect the distance which the runner ran. Also, the fact that the 19m distance was travelled for 10 laps show us that the runner would have decreased the speed of running before he or she begins another lap of running. <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">With the amount of sweat released, for we cannot directly measure the quantity of sweat released from our skin, the assumption of relating the effort required by the runner to finish run with the amount of sweat carries lack of accuracy. Also, different parts of our skin would generate different amount of sweat, meaning the Ph level of the skin could possibly vary in accordance to the different part of the body. <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">There would also be a great amount of effect from the environment where we held the experiment. Our experiment, having done in an outdoor space in the morning tells us that the atmosphere was humid, and therefore, the release of sweat was not soelely affected by the activity of running.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 19px;">Evaluation **

<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">To find out weather the amount of weight carried by a person affects the heart rate.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Biology Investigation: **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Aim: **

<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Our hypothesis is the more weight a person caries the higher the heart rate will be. The heart needs oxygen to pump blood to all the body and when a person carries more weight they would need more oxygen thus increasing the heart rate. When the person runs, he/she needs muscles to move the body, and the more weight the person carries the harder the muscles will need to work. The muscles that help to run create the energy by converting oxygen and a substance called ATP into a useful form of energy. It is a fact that when running, the body needs oxygen, and breathing continues even when the pressure is too heavy For the muscles to work, blood carries the oxygen and getting rid of the metabolic waste. Therefore, if the person carries more weights, the muscles will require more oxygen and the blood will have to flow faster. This affects the heart beat to increase rapidly because the heart pumps faster. Thus, the more weight the person carries, it affects the time for him/her to run, taking more time to run with heavier loads.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Hypothesis: **

<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Independent: different loads (no load, 4 kg, 8 kg) <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Dependent: pulse rate <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Controlled: number of laps (10), distance to run (190 km), the amount of time we count the heart rate (15 seconds), the place where we count the heart rate( the neck)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Variables **<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">:

<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Stop watch
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Materials **


 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Methods: **

<span style="font-family: 'calibri','sans-serif';">1) Check the heart rate of the person before running <span style="font-family: 'calibri','sans-serif';">2) The person runs with no load for 10 laps nonstop <span style="font-family: 'calibri','sans-serif';">3) Use stopwatch to measure the time taken for the person to runs <span style="font-family: 'calibri','sans-serif';">4) After run, check the person’s heart beat using fingers and touch the neck. Use stopwatch to measure the time for 15 seconds <span style="font-family: 'calibri','sans-serif';">5) Record the heart beat <span style="font-family: 'calibri','sans-serif';">6) For the next load, repeat step 1-5


 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">Load (kg) || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">Trials || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">Body weight/kg __+__0.01 || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">Before /bpm __+__0.1 || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">After/bpm __+__0.1 ||
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: 'calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px; text-align: center;">No load || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">1 || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 35px; text-align: center;">58.70  || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">92 || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">144 ||
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">2 ||^   || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">96 || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">140 ||
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">3 ||^   || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">100 || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">140 ||
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: 'calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px; text-align: center;">4 || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">1 ||^   || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">100 || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">149 ||
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">2 || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">99 ||^   || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">150 ||
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">3 || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">101 ||^   || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">145 ||
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: 'calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px; text-align: center;">8 || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">1 ||^   || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">100 || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">148 ||
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">2 || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">104 ||^   || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">152 ||
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">3 || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">100 ||^   || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">148 ||

<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">Aga


 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">Load (kg) || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">Trials || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">Body weight /(kg)+0.01 || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">Before /bpm __+__0.1 || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">After/bpm __+__0.1 ||
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: 'calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px; text-align: center;">No load || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">1 || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 32px; text-align: center;">60.5  || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">104 || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">172 ||
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">2 ||^   || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">104 || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">176 ||
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">3 ||^   || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">108 || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">172 ||
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: 'calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px; text-align: center;">4 || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">1 ||^   || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">96 || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">188 ||
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">2 || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">100 ||^   || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">192 ||
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">3 || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">104 ||^   || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">188 ||
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: 'calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px; text-align: center;">8 || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">1 ||^   || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">100 || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">192 ||
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">2 || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">104 ||^   || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">200 ||
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">3 || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">100 ||^   || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">196 ||

<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">Chai

<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">Raw data for time

<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">Aga


 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">Load (kg) || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">Trials || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">Time (sec) || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">Body weight ||
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: 'calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px; text-align: center;">No load || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">1 || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">95 || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 37px; text-align: center;">58.70  ||
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">2 || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">102 ||^   ||
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">3 || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">120 ||^   ||
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: 'calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px; text-align: center;">4 || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">1 || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">65 ||^   ||
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">2 || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">66 ||^   ||
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">3 || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">65 ||^   ||
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: 'calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px; text-align: center;">8 || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">1 || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">70 ||^   ||
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">2 || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">80 ||^   ||
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">3 || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">70 ||^   ||

<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">Chai


 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">Load (kg) || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">Trials || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">Time (sec) || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">Body weight ||
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: 'calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px; text-align: center;">No load || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">1 || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">65 || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 37px; text-align: center;">60.5  ||
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">2 || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">66 ||^   ||
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">3 || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">66 ||^   ||
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: 'calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px; text-align: center;">4 || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">1 || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">73 ||^   ||
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">2 || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">74 ||^   ||
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">3 || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">74 ||^   ||
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: 'calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px; text-align: center;">8 || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">1 || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">84 ||^   ||
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">2 || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">84 ||^   ||
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">3 || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">85 ||^   ||


 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">Load (kg) __+__0.01 || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">Body weight /kg __+__0.001 || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">Average heart beat/bmp __+__0.001 ||
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: 'calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px; text-align: center;">No load || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 32px;">58.70 || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">45.33 ||
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: 'calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px; text-align: center;">4 ||^   || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">48 ||
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: 'calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px; text-align: center;">8 ||^   || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">48 ||

<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">Calculations:

<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">-Heart beat: Heart beat x4

<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">-Difference of the heart beat: T2-T1 (after-before)

<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">-Average: after finding the difference of heart beat for every load per trial, add all the heart beat measurement for every load then divided it by 3. So,

__<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">T1+T2+T3 __


 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">Load (kg) __+__ 0.1 || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">Body weight/kg __+__0.001 || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">Average heart beat/bmp __+__0.001 ||
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: 'calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px; text-align: center;">No load || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 32px;">60.5 || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">68 ||
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: 'calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px; text-align: center;">4 ||^   || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">89.33 ||
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: 'calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px; text-align: center;">8 ||^   || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">94.67 ||

<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">3

<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">Process data

<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">Aga


 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">Load (kg) __+__0.01 || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">Body weight /kg __+__0.001 || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">Average time ||
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: 'calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px; text-align: center;">No load || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 32px;">58.70 ||   ||
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: 'calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px; text-align: center;">4 ||^   ||   ||
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: 'calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px; text-align: center;">8 ||^   ||   ||

<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">Aga

<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">Chai


 * **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Average heart beat/bpm +0.1 ** ||


 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px;">0 ||


 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px;">10 ||


 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px;">20 ||


 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px;">30 ||


 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px;">40 ||


 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px;">50 ||


 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px;">60 ||


 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px;">70 ||


 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px;">80 ||


 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px;">90 ||


 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px;">100 ||


 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px;">No load ||


 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px;">4 ||


 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px;">8 ||


 * **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px;">Loads ** ||


 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px;">Average heart beat/bmp ||


 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px;">+0.001 ||

<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">



<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">Analysis:

<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">Based on the graph above, the data shows that the more load a person carries the higher the heart rate will be. When each of the runners carry no extra weight their heart rate was 56.67, calculated as the average heart rate of both runners, but as they add 4kg to their weight their heart beat increases. The heartbeat of both of the runners increased even more as we add more weight.

<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">For Aga, the average heart beat is lower than Chai’s, because Aga, first of all, is a male and so needs less effort to achieve a better speed than Chai, which is a female. There’s also the factor of fitness level of each runner, Aga may have a higher fitness level than Chai does and so does not need to exert more stress in running and carrying the load.

<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">Conclusion:

<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">Based on our experiment and raw data we can conclude that the amount of weight we carry does affect our heart rate. In other words our hypothesis, the more weight a person carries the heart will increase, is correct. We can also conclude that their fitness levels are different and that their gender also affects their heartbeat rate.

<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">Evaluation:

<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">There were many errors during the taking of the data, some of the noticeable errors are that we fail to control the amount of time that they have rested in between trials and their diet, which can cause a major difference between data. If we have did this experiment again, we would like to control their resting times to 30 minutes to 1 hour of resting time and only allowing the runners to drink from one full, and equal, water bottle.