Group+16

GROUP 16- EXPERIMENTAL REPORT
(GROUP 4 PROJECT GRADE 11 2012) Nadine Kamarwan Shanika Indira Thea Kurniawan Viena Christina Weellsen Suyanto

UMBRELLA TOPIC
Time


 * MAIN (OVERALL) RESEARCH QUESTION:**
 * How do certain energy drinks (Pocari Sweat) affect our stamina and other physical factors when we exercise over a period of time?**

**RESEARCH QUESTIONS PER SCIENCE DISCIPLINE:**

 * ====== //__**Biology**__//: How does the energy drink affect the stamina of the runner, as measured by Heart Beats per Minute, over three 3 hour intervals (8:30 AM, 11:30 AM, 2:30 PM) throughout the day? ======
 * ====== __**//Chemistry//**__: How does the pH of the energy drink affect the pH of the sweat of the runner after running over three 3 hour intervals (8:30 AM, 11:30 AM, 2:30 PM) throughout the day? ======
 * **__//Physics//__**: How isotonic drink (pocari sweat) affect the speed of the runner and skin temperature after running?

Exercising is a vital habit for everyone, young and old, because it helps us maintain a healthy metabolism and body system. Most athletes tend to take energy drinks to help increase or booth their stamina and endurance so that they will be able to exercise with better performance. As a group, we strongly believe that the community has to be aware of the affects of these energy drinks on their body system, and what time is the best time to take the drink (if there is a specific time interval that the energy drink will affect the body system most, and how it affects with our digestion period) and what eating habits we should have during the exercise period. We should also make the community aware of how acidic or basic certain energy drinks are and how it can affect our body system and physical factors, such as our sweat. Energy drinks may be said to be beneficial for athletes and exercisers alike, but when is the best time to take them and how does it affect our body system, speed, skin temperature and the pH of certain physical factors of our body?
 * COMMUNITY LINK**

To investigate how ones stamina, athletic ability and other physical factors are affected and how they evolve over time with the aid of an energy drink.
 * AIM:**

**HYPOTHESIS:**

 * ======**__//Biology//__**: We believe that 4 hours after drinking the energy drink, there will be less stress on the body when running which leads to less heart beats per minute due to the fact that the maximum digestion time is 4 hours and by then the energy drink would have been completely digested and, thus, provided the body with more energy.======
 * **__//Chemistry//__**: The pH of the energy drink (pocari sweat) will affect the stamina of the person after exercise and this will most notably show in a trial where 4 hours has passed after the runner has drank the energy drink (biology link). Also, the pH of the energy drink (pocari sweat) is theorized to be acidic, hence it can be predicted that some of that acidity will some out in the pH of the runner's sweat, and that will most notably show after 4 hours has passed after the runner has drank the energy drink as well.
 * **__//Physics//__**: The temperature in the skin will increase after running, and the runner will run the fastest 4 hours after the runner drinks Pocari Sweat.

**Independent**

 * Time of day the runner runs (8:30 AM, 11:30 AM, 2:30 PM)

Dependent

 * Heart rate (bpm)
 * Speed of runner (m/s)
 * pH of runner’s sweat after running
 * Skin temperature change of runner after running (celcius)

Controlled

 * Runner
 * Equipments
 * Type/brand energy (pocari sweat)
 * Distance ran (30 metres)
 * Clothing of runner
 * Surface ran (ceramic BINUS floor)
 * Location of the run (8th floor tower C, near tower C staircase)
 * Atmospheric pressure
 * Room temperature (+/- 25 celcius)
 * The time the runner drinks the energy drink (7 AM )
 * Weight/height of the runner (49kg / 163cm)

Materials:

 * Stop watch
 * pH paper + box
 * 3/4 bottles of Energy drink (pocari sweat)
 * Runner
 * Body thermometer
 * Data logger with thermometer probe
 * Tape measure
 * marker cones (optional, to clear the way for the runner)

(since this project's all about teamwork, we've generated a procedure of this experiment that involves all of the three science disciplines working together)

 * 1) =====Weigh the mass and measure the height of the runner =====
 * 2) =====Drink the energy drink (pocari sweat) at 7 o’clock in the morning =====
 * 3) =====Measure out the distance that the runner will run across using the tape measure (30m) =====
 * 4) =====Count the pre/initial heart beat using the stopwatch =====
 * 5) =====Record the runner's initial body temperature using the body thermometer =====
 * 6) =====Prepare the data logger and connect the temperature probe =====
 * 7) =====Let the runner run, whilst timing him using the stopwatch =====
 * 8) =====When the run has finished. stop timing with the stopwatch =====
 * 9) =====Count the peak/after run pulse of the runner =====

=
 10. Put the temperature probe on the neck of the runner for 900 seconds, making sure that a graph is slowly being generated in the data logger once the probe has touched the runner's neck =====

**SET-UP**
(a set-up of our experiment will be shown on our movie presentation)

**RAW DATA: (weight of runner -49kg, height of runner- 163cm, pH of pocari sweat- 3.5 (acidic),**
(1 hour after drinking Pocari Sweat) ||= 11:30 AM (4 hours after drinking Pocari Sweat) ||= 2:30 PM (7 hours after drinking Pocari Sweat) ||
 * =  ||= 8:30 AM
 * = Initial temperature ||= 35.2 C ||= 35.5 C ||= 35.2 C ||
 * = After-run temperature ||= 34.6 C ||= 35.1 C ||= 34.7 C ||
 * = Initial heartbeat ||= 25 beats / 15 seconds ||= 25 beats / 15 seconds ||= 25 beats / 15 seconds ||
 * = After-run heartbeat ||= 35 beats / 15 seconds ||= 35 beats / 15 seconds ||= 35 beats / 15 seconds ||
 * = After-run pH of sweat ||= 5.5 ||= 5.5 ||= 6 ||
 * = Run time ||= 12.30 seconds ||= 12.84 seconds ||= 13.14 seconds ||

DATA LOGGER GRAPHS

8:30 AM TRIAL

11:30 TRIAL

2:30 PM TRIAL

PROCESSED DATA (for the processed data, only the discipline of physics uses this because their data requires calculation for the speed of the runner, whereas biology and chemistry do not require any calculations)



ANALYSIS:

BIOLOGY



From the data we’ve collected we can see that the heartbeat is less after running at 11:30 pm whereas the heartbeat before running was consistent. This is probably due to the energy drink being digested faster than we expected and so adding to the runners energy at an earlier time than we expected.

PHYSICS From the three graph of the temperature generated format he data logger, we can conclude that the temperature was not stable, but it keep rising until it become like the initial temperature or the first temperature before running , then the runner must rest cooling down for 15 minutes until the temperature back to normal. After the runner run, the skin temperature became lower because it affected from our environment temperature which was 8 th floor and inside a building. When we measure the temperature, we can see that the first minute until two or three minutes have a big gap which increase drasticly and then the next minute , the temperatures not so stable but it didn’t has big gap like the first minutes. There are some errors in the graph because when i put the wire into my skin, it easily fell down which i must put my hand into it , so it doesn’t fall down. That is also why the graph is not stable. From the three trial, all the graph shows that the temperatures ( after the run ) are not stable like the speed data ( run time ). From the speed graph above, we can see that first trial which is 9 :00 , the runner was more faster than other trials. it cause by the isotonic drinking which the runner drank it at 8:00, the runner has more energy to run more faster. Then the second trial which was at 11:30, it was little bit longer then the first trial. Then 2:30 it has more longer than first and second trial. So we can conclude that the runner is more faster after the runner drink it for one hour. Speed (v) = distance/ run time that is the formula to get the speed.

CHEMISTRY This is the graph generated from the data collected for chemistry. It can be sent hat for the first two trials, the pH of the sweat is the same: 5.5 and then at the last trial at 2:30 pm, the pH is 6. The pH of the runners sweat before he drank the energy drink was 6.5 so with that information, we can conclude that the data collected format his experiment is quite successful. The first two pH's are quite acidic so it is true that the acidic energy drink has entered the body system and affects the pH of the runner's sweat, to make it more acidic, and during the last trial, the pH changed back to 6 and that is most probably because the energy drink has already been completely digested (biology link) and the pH of the sweat is slowly returning back to the normal pH, because the levels of acidity from the energy drink is slowly diminishing from the body system, since the digestion of it is complete. If a linear trendline is put alongside the graph, it can be seen that the graph is not very fitting towards the trend line, and this can be caused through several errors from the experiment, such as maybe an inaccuracy or false reading of the pH paper, or because not much sweat was being excreted from the runner, so we couldn't examine a reasonable amount of sweat, just a thin smear on the forehead.

CONCLUSION:

BIOLOGY After doing this experiment, we can conclude that our hypothesis is proven correct as the runner’s heartbeat decreases throughout the day. This is because as time progresses, the body has finished the digestion of the energy drinks and the contributing factors from the energy drink that helps the runner increase their stamina has taken place. One hour after the runner drinks the energy drink, their heartbeat after running is 140 beats per minute, and throughout the day the heartbeats decrease continuously. As seen from the graph, after 4 hours, which means the time of day when the runner has completely digested the energy drink, the runner’s heartbeat after running reduces to 112 beats per minute. After 7 hours, the runner’s heartbeat after running has returned to a somewhat normal state as it increases again to 132 beats per minute, which means the energy drink has passed through the digestive system.

PHYSICS In conclusion, we can conclude from the graph and the data that the speed is affected in the first trial rather than other trials which the runner drank it before the first trial. the speed was more faster than the other trials. the skin temperature was not much affected because all the three trials have similiar with the temperature, only a little bit difference between the first , second and third trials. We can know that the environement temperature was affecting the skin temperature of the runner which it is normal. So isotonic drink is not affecting the skin temperature and the body temperature, but after 4 hours digested ( after running temperature ) was not so much different from the inital temperature.

CHEMISTRY To sum up, the hypothesis that I generated as partially correct. The first part, where I predict that the pH of the energy drink (pocari sweat) is acidic, is true, because during the experiment, i started off by measuring the pH of a bottle of pocari sweat and it was 3.5, so it is acidic. The next part of the hypothesis, which is that the acidity of the energy drink will affect the pH of the runner's sweat and make it more acidic in pH, and that it will show the most at the 11:30AM trial, where it has been 4 hours after the runner has drank he energy drink (biology link), is partially true. This is because, yes, the pH of the sweat has gone more acidic than the pH we measured before the runner drank the energy drink, but there was no consistent gradient of increase/decrease in levels of pH acidity of the sweat: it was only 5.5 in the first and second trials, and then 6 at the last third trial. In the trials where it was a hour after, and four hours after the runner drank the energy drink (trial 1 & 2), the pH level of the sweat was the same: 5.5, so we cannot really conclude whether the affects of the acidity of the energy drink on the body system will most notably show as the digestion is complete (after 4 hours) because the pH levels were the same during the digestion period, and as the digestion is completing. So from this, my hypothesis is partially correct, and int he areas where my data was a little inconsistent it is most probably caused by certain errors and uncertainty of the pH paper.

EVALUATION: The strong points of our experiment were that we all collaborated really well as a team. Actually, the members of our group are not really close in terms of 'really close friends', but through this project, we really strengthened our relationships, and became really good friends from it. Whenever someone has a problem or a weak point during the experiment, other members will help them because they have strong points in that area, so we all helped each other out whenever we need it, and that is what true teamwork is all about!! We did have bad times where we argued about conflicting ideas, but we managed to work it all out and found a really good final idea. We all contributed equally to the experiment, presentation and report, and we're all really happy about the progress and the work we have made together. WE HAVE SUCCEEDED!! YAAAAYYY!! The weak points of our project were that we got quite distracted, especially not he friday ACTION day. All the people in our grade worked in around about the same area, so sometimes certain members of the group got distracted when they see their friends and they sidetrack to talk to them. Another weak point was that we tended to not work as much during the beginning period of the working times provided, so during the end of the day and during the weekends, we had to do things last minute and it made us lose our focus bait and we had little time to look over our work.

To improve the method, there are some factors to help. One factor could be to increase the number of trials. As we have done one trial throughout the day, which is on the 27th, the data may not be as accurate. Doing several trials might help validate the hypothesis and justify it even more. Another factors could be to make the runner run in a secluded place. As the runner ran on the 8th floor where there are some disturbances, the runner might not run as effective as there are some distractions. Another factor to improve the heartbeat is to use a polar heart rate meter to make the recording of the heartbeats more accurate. Unfortunately, the school did not have this appliance so we manually counted the heartbeats, which can be less precise.

From the expirement, there were a lot of technical error and random error in the expirement. So that is why need to improve our performance :
 * We need to be more focus and not easily distracted
 * The isotonic drinking make the runners stomache and poop everytime.

Things that we should improve:
 * Use more modern materials in order to get precised data and also to comfortable the runner ( like for example : the runner no need to run the real distance which is 30 m, and also when calculate the temperature of the runner , which the runner must use their hands to hold the wire when find the temperature skin.
 * The setting place need to be improve, which there was a lot of people in the hall , the runner can hit other people when the runner runs through the hall.
 * The time of expirement should take longer, means more days to do the expirement in order to get precised data.
 * The isotonic drink also made the runner stomache, so need to be improve the drinking.